The island nation of Vanuatu has the highest disaster risk worldwide.^[1] More than 60 per cent of its population live within one kilometer of the coast, where they are highly exposed to slow- and sudden-onset hazards, including cyclones, storm surges and sea level rise.^[2] The 83 islands of Vanuatu lie in the path of tropical cyclones and are subject to the cycles of El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation, which increase the risk of droughts and floods, respectively.^[3] The archipelago also lies on the so-called Ring of Fire, a seismically active area of the Pacific that accounts for 75 per cent of the world’s volcanoes and more than 90 per cent of its earthquakes.^[4] The sea level has risen in Vanuatu by an average of six millimeters per year since 1993, well above the global average.^[5] To bridge existing knowledge gaps on the differentiated and economic impacts of displacement, IDMC conducted a study on displacement linked with the 2017/2018 Manaro Voui volcanic eruptions on Ambae in December 2021.^[6]